Taurine plays critical roles in human physiology, acting as an antioxidant, osmoregulator, and modulator of cellular signaling. Its efficacy is supported by extensive preclinical and clinical research:
1. Cardiovascular Health
Blood Pressure Regulation: Taurine enhances nitric oxide (NO) production, promoting vasodilation and reducing hypertension. Studies show daily supplementation (1.5–6 g) lowers systolic/diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Anti-Arrhythmic Effects: Stabilizes cardiac cell membranes by regulating calcium and potassium ion fluxes, reducing the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
2. Neuroprotection and Cognitive Function
GABA Receptor Modulation: Taurine binds to GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors, exerting anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects.
Mitochondrial Support: Enhances mitochondrial ATP production and reduces oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's).
3. Metabolic and Diabetic Benefits
Insulin Sensitivity: Improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and reduces insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Lipid Metabolism: Lowers serum triglycerides and LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL levels.
4. Exercise Performance and Recovery
Muscle Function: Reduces exercise-induced muscle damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stabilizing cell membranes.
Hydration Balance: Acts as an osmolyte, maintaining cell volume during intense physical activity and delaying fatigue.
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